The Journal of Theoretical Biology is a scientific journal about theoretical biology; dealing with theoretical issues, as well as mathematical and computational aspects of biology. Some research areas covered by the papers published in the journal are population genetics, morphogenesis, evolutionary biology and immunology. It is published by Elsevier. Its first director was J.F. Danielli.
The most-cited paper in the journal is W.D. Hamilton's 1964 paper on kin selection entitled The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior.